Cross-elicitation responses to 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine in p-phenylenediamine highly allergic volunteers using allergy alert test: the Italian experience

Cross-elicitation responses to 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine under hair dye use conditions in p-phenylenediamine-allergic individuals.

BACKGROUND The factors influencing elicitation responses in individuals allergic to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dyes are not well understood. OBJECTIVES Investigation of the elicitation response to the new, less-sensitizing PPD alternative 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine (ME-PPD) under simulated hair dye use conditions. METHODS The cross-elicitation response to ME-PPD (2% in a hair ...

Influence of vitamin C on the elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis to p-phenylenediamine.

BACKGROUND Hair dyes represent one of the most important causes of allergic contact dermatitis resulting from the use of cosmetic products. The principal causative chemistry is associated with oxidation products of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and closely related substances. OBJECTIVES To examine whether prior application of the antioxidant vitamin C to the skin was able to reduce the cutaneous a...

University of Groningen P - phenylenediamine

Elicitation of the immune response to p-phenylenediamine in allergic patients: the role of dose and exposure time.

BACKGROUND Usage of hair dye products containing p-phenylenediamine (PPD) is a concern for PPD-allergic individuals. OBJECTIVES The present study investigates the role of dose and exposure time on elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis under conditions of permanent hair dyeing. METHODS Elicitation responses after application of a typical hair dye product containing 2% PPD for 30 min fol...

Penetration and haptenation of p-phenylenediamine.

Although p-phenylenediamine (PPD) has been recognized as an extreme sensitizer for many years, the exact mechanism of sensitization has not been elucidated yet. Penetration and the ability to bind to proteins are the first two hurdles that an allergen has to overcome to be able to sensitize. This review is an overview of studies regarding PPD penetration through skin (analogues) and studies on ...